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2013年6月27日 星期四

真相鬥士:港產斯諾登在何方?





真相鬥士:港產斯諾登在何方?





黎廣德



香港受前中情局僱員斯諾登青睞,頓成全球傳媒焦點。斯諾登帶給香港很多禮物,不僅是考驗一國兩制司法獨立,制止1984式的「老大哥」社會不斷膨脹,香港人更應思考:為甚麼我們很少港產斯諾登 - 甘願挺身而出維護公義的揭密者?



揭密者毋須一定在情報機關,影響我們生命安全和核心價值的事例就在身邊。



南丫海難39條性命的背後,是海事署不少官員十多年來的敷衍塞責:恪守專業的神話破滅。湯顯明送禮請客豪飲外訪的背後,是廉政公署五年來關起門自把自為:倡廉自律的神話破滅。兩者性質迴異,可怕之處卻一:多年來了解的官員上上下下多不勝數(試想每年參與驗船的人有多少?參加湯顯明飲宴購禮外訪或每天與價值20萬元屏風大禮擦身而過的官員有多少個?),他們難道沒有是非之心?他們不明白人命攸關?他們不珍惜自己信誓旦旦悍衛經年的廉政制度?只要任何一位知情人士在劣行發生之際甘願挺身而出,便毋須讓百多名父母妻兒終生含恨,毋須使一個戴著近乎神聖光環的機構變成嘲弄恥笑的對象。



所欠的,是真相鬥士。



英語whistleblower一詞,直譯作「吹哨人」,香港一般意譯作「檢舉人」或「揭密者」,皆有點辭不達意。Whistleblower的準確含義是泛指在工作崗位上發現舞弊、違規或不道德行為,因而向僱主、監管機構、傳媒或公眾揭露真相的人士。這些真相涉及不同範疇的公眾利益,最常見的是公共安全、健康、環境染、詐騙、欺凌、疏忽照顧弱勢等等。



挑戰以和為貴的江湖義氣



華人社會文化對「揭密」有天生抗拒,黑社會認為出賣同夥的「二五仔」冇義氣,必定「零容忍」;一般人認為待人接物要有情有義,對老闆同事更應如此;更多人被自小告誡不要多管閒事,以免惹禍上身。



在今天分工精細的社會,有損公益的劣行可以用各種形式隱藏,特別在大機構大企業,只有極少數上層有權看清全部事實,一旦管理層因利益關係而有意隱瞞,甚或是涉事中人,真相便猶如鎖在只能從內開啓的密室之内,外人往往一無所知,或縱有懷疑亦無從指證。此時此刻,whistleblower是維護公益的唯一指望,因此以「真相鬥士」名之,絕不為過。



「真相鬥士」往往要冒很大風險,輕則被同事白眼或被老闆解僱,重則被告上法庭或琅璫下獄。



去年底英國愛護動物協會一名43女督察 Dawn Aubrey-ward,公開指證在她兩年工作期間,被迫將不少健康動物殺害,只因協會未能及時替牠們找到合適主人,估計遭此命運的寵物數以千計。協會馬上發出聲明否認,並指這女督察只因犯錯被解僱而作失實指控。Dawn
因此承受巨大壓力,上月中被發現在家中上吊身亡,死前在面書留下遺言「我放棄了。我失業、破
產,怎麼掙扎和受損都夠了。」



英國有一個專門協助真相鬥士的慈善團體,Public Concern at
Work (PCW)
,剛發表的一份研究顯示,政府和企業普遍存在「大家封口」和「槍斃報訊人」的文化,逾七成人在舉報劣行之後得不到管理層任何回應,一成半人更被解僱,而且舉報人的職位越高,被解僱的機會越大。



莫禮時對羅范椒芬   公義何價?



這令人懷念香港教育學院的前校長莫禮時,他舉證教育局高官干預學術自由和院校自主,導致立法會聆訊,特首曾蔭權在壓力下成立調查委員會,結果教育局常秘羅范椒芬因指證成立而諳然下台,局長李國章也弄得灰頭土臉。但調查結束後莫禮時依然不獲續約,另一舉證人葉建源則在離開教院後輾轉成為今天教育界的立法會議員,而羅范椒芬則貴為梁振英的行政會議成員。



堂堂大專校長莫禮時也落得如此下場,比他知名度低沒有傳媒關注的真相鬥士,在香港的遭遇不問可知。



正因為真相鬥士不易當,社會更應珍而重之。在民主國家,社會設法保護因公益而冒險揭露真相的人士,被視為天經地義。統治者不高興被揭瘡疤,大企業不高興被人阻住發達,所以真相鬥士的唯一盟友是公民社會,可惜香港在這方面全交白卷,連一個支援舉報者的組織也沒有。全球有十幾個國家為保護真相鬥士訂立專門法例,香港不但沒有立法,更只有防止公務員洩密的官方保密法,與世界潮流背馳。



撫心自問,我們其實很樂意人家揭秘,自己買花生等睇戲,卻從沒認真想想,自己正在搭順風車:真相鬥士付出代價令社會進步,自己卻不費分文坐享其成。



保障小我始能完成大我



兩年前英國一名護士 Terry Bryan 向英國廣播公司告密,在南部布斯托市近郊一家專門接收患上學習障礙症病人的私家醫院
Winterbourne View,長期凌辱和虐待病人。英國廣播公司利用秘密攝錄機拍下證據,在Panorama節目播出。公眾在電視上看到病人被扯髮推撞、
拳打腳踢、冷水淋浴、在零度低溫下被推出戶外,用漱口水淋眼懲罰等嚇人片段,無不目瞪口呆。紀錄片播出後第二天,13名員工停職,一星期後7名員工被刑事拘捕,隨後兩名護士暫停專業資格,三星期後官方宣佈關閉醫院,英國衛生部等展開調查,發現出事前三年已有76宗投訴,監管部門置之不理,私家醫院為了拿取政府按每病人每週支付3500英鎊的津貼而隱瞞一切,從市議會至警方都有失職。



若果沒有一位敢於挺身而出的護士,至今便不會有11人被判刑,更不會令英國政府取諦由私家醫院看護缺乏自顧能力病人的制度,為3400名同類病人提供社區為本的照顧,進一步檢討法例,改革互相包庇的口文化。但根據PCW的調查,這類成功揭發引起關注的例子實在百中無一。



真相鬥士的貢獻往往會惠及全球,例如斯諾登揭密發展下去,可能迫使美國政府加強保護私隱,對全球網絡自由有重大意義。又例如去年中英國銀行界有人揭發幾家大銀行操弄LIBOR(倫敦銀行同業拆息)醜聞,發現多年來全球數以千億元計的債券、貸款、衍生工具等金融產品的定價基準被扭曲,因此受損的市民 - 從存貸戶到投資者不計其數。至今不僅多家國際銀行被罰巨款或高層下台,連帶香港金管局也就本地HIBOR(香港銀行同業拆息) 展開調查,至今餘波未了;新加坡剛於本週公佈調查結果,發現20家銀行及133名交易員違規。



保護揭弊者  香港交白卷



想來心驚,英國有保護真相鬥士的法例,有支援舉報人的組織,要成功揭發維護公益尚如此艱難。在香港,沒有法律保障、沒有團體支援,絕大部分人在工作崗位看見濫權瀆職而默不作聲是合符風險計算的「理性選擇」,究竟我們在安老院的親人有多安全?我們的公帑有多少被上下其手?我們的投資有多少次被無形黑手予取予攜?我們的核心價值被淘空了多少?或許在剝花生看秘聞的時候可以想想。



自從六年前公共專業聯盟成立後,收到熱心人士提供資料,舉報公益受損的個案為數不少。但基於種種原因,特別是因為害怕連累舉報人,多數個案被迫放棄,不見天日。台灣法務部為了鼓勵機關內部人揭發弊端,責成廉政署制定了「揭弊者保護法」草案,明定機關不得以免職、調職或打低考績方式報復揭弊者;至於無故洩漏揭弊者的身分,最高可判刑三年,檢方如果因揭弊者提供情資而偵破貪瀆案,若有起訴,揭弊者可領到獎金。至於香港,不但未起步立法,連社會討論也沒有。



有人說,真相鬥士是現代社會的安全網,在我們的道德倫理跌至谷底之前把它截停。從海事署和廉署的例子可見,香港安全網的網眼實在太粗疏,我們一直向下掉而不自知。在禮崩樂壞的今天,安全網不是為了提供揭秘娱樂新聞,而是人命尤關的必須品。



[原刊於"明報", 2013年6月16日]




2012年2月14日 星期二

自毀長城的自駕遊

去年2月,時任政務司司長的唐英年與廣東省簽訂《粵港合作框架協議》的《2011 年重點工作》,為了「讓兩地居民都實質體驗到粵港合作帶來的成果」,宣布推出「自駕遊」。

 當時,他只提及香港私家車北上廣東,卻略去內地車南下香港的環節,亦從未諮詢公眾;運房局準備下月接受香港車主申請北上,是希望為南下計劃營造米已成炊的印象。

 「自駕遊」面紗的背後,其實是「左軚車自由行」,鼓勵內地的有車階級驅車直達旺角飲早茶,往海洋公園消閒或銅鑼灣掃貨,再到中環或尖沙咀晚宴後,便過境回家。去年來港內地客有二千八百萬人次,令香港鬧市早有人滿之患,為何政府仍要暗中推動內地車南下?

 表面原因是方便內地居民。但據稱初期的名額很少,有辦法從廣東省政府拿到名額的「貴客」,恐怕不是高官便是大款。不過,他們其實早已有辦法用中港車牌的公務車過境, 「自駕」只是方便在香港鬧市炫耀名車而已。

 真
正原因恐怕在後頭——港府一直高估跨境交通的需求,以西部通道來說,現今車流量每天約一萬輛,比原來預算足足少了二萬輛;再看港珠澳大橋,預計通車後二十
年每天也只有四萬二千輛,比原先設計少一半,大橋收入不但無法償還八百三十億元投資,可能連貸款利息也無法負擔。特區政府為了「填數」而未雨綢繆,豈非極
具「遠見」?

 違背政策自摑三巴

 可惜,特區政府這種「填數」手段卻摑了自己三記耳光,因為它違背了交通、環保和經濟等三方面的既定政策。

 香港路面狹窄,少用私家車、多用公共交通網絡是特區的一貫政策,這也是政府斥巨資興建高鐵、落馬洲支線、沙中線等鐵路的理據,也是去年政府堅持要增加汽車首
次登記稅、以減少路面車輛的理由。偏偏「自駕遊」卻鼓勵左軚車在鬧市爭路,除了增加意外風險,同時也浪費鐵路投資,與交通政策背道而馳。這是第一記耳光。

環境局剛宣布採納新的空氣質素指標,雖然明明政府有權馬上實施而毋須以立法為藉口拖延至2014年,但已明確承認路邊空氣污染急須改善;內地車燃油的含硫量
高,所以排放廢氣一架左軚車可頂十架本地車。「自駕遊」是否要令每年因空氣污染而提早死亡的三千二百個冤魂倍增?這是第二記耳光。

 為
了應付全球氣候變化,實施低碳經濟發展,既是中央國策,亦是特區政府宣布以2020
年碳排放強度減少一半為目標的原因。內地車來港後它們的「碳足印」便要算入香港的排放賬目內,等於香港要多花錢減排(例如補助電動車、多用天然氣和風力發
電或購買碳信貸),才能達到原定目標,納稅人被迫補貼享受左軚車自由行的豪客。這是第三記耳光。

 曾蔭權的夕陽政府捱三記耳光不算一回事,但最終代價必然由港人埋單。無論是交通或環境承載量,香港猶如一個盛滿牛奶的大碗,要從外面倒污水進來,就必然擠掉牛奶:吸廢氣的行人、多交登記稅的車主,以及向庫房貢獻的全體市民,都會被犧牲。

 粵港條件各不相同政府暗示北上南下要對等,否則對廣東省不敬。真的是對等?香港道路全長二千公里,廣東省是十四萬公里;車輛入境香港後無法與市區隔離,廣
州、深圳等市區都有辦法阻隔外地車輛;香港第三者保險最高賠償額一億元,廣東省大約是十二萬元人民幣;在香港發生意外可倚賴司法解決,在內地靠錢靠關係也
不靠法院……。香港與廣東對等?無疑天方夜譚。

 廣東省如果認為容許香港私家車入境是利大於弊,而部分香港車主甘願冒險北上,這是互惠互利的買賣,港府可以配合。但北上與南下毋須綑綁,兩地政府可按照本土條件各自決策,這根本與面子無關。

 中港交往日趨頻繁,但特區不能自毀長城,放棄本土發展的自主權,否則摩擦加劇,中港利益均會受損。內地車的審批權不在特區政府而在內地公安局,一如今天的單程證名額,屆時會否變成雙非孕婦直通車,或有證等於無證的鬧市飆車?

 南
下「自駕遊」的決口不能打開,那不在於首批入境車數目的多寡,而是因為這個發展方向會把香港引入死胡同,逐漸淪為一個喪失自我的大陸消費城市。上周末,公
民黨在銅鑼灣設街站呼籲「擱置自駕遊」,竟有不少內地人簽署,更有人趨前說:
「自由行已很方便,粵港政府是多此一舉。」保住香港獨特的城市生態,反而有利中港經濟蓬勃發展。香港為誰而建?
「自駕遊」的爭議,其實是一場對未來城市願景的角力。

 (詳細論述可參考「香港為誰而建?」聯署聲名www.ipetitions.com/petition/hong-kong-who-is-it-for/,或參加2 月19 日下午二時在城市大學LT-18室舉行的公開論壇)。

公民黨副主席黎廣德

 

[原刊於 信報, 14.2.2012]


2011年8月24日 星期三

政府蠶食市民自由

過去的一個星期,是特區成立以來少見的大日子。不是因為副總理李克強訪港, 而是因為「三權受創」——三項基本公民權利——即記者的採訪權、學生的示威權和居民的散步權,同時受到前所未有的創傷。


這絕非前線警員一時不慎的個別事件,而是政府保安高層一連串有計劃的侵權行動。只要把視野拉闊一點,便明白所謂保護政要只是幌子,真正目的是,要令市民對日益收窄的自由空間「習以為常」,對公民權利遭受侵蝕視為「理所當然」。


一哥尊嚴變成注碼


正如范徐麗泰所言,香港人要享受真正自由便只應待在「自己家中」,要給領導人「留有好印象」;任何不習慣「被侵權」的市民發出埋怨批評之聲,便屬於唐英年的「完全垃圾」。


這些收緊自由的鐵腕手段並非始於今天,從「替補機制」剝奪全港市民的補選投票權、修訂《版權法》以推行「網絡二十三條」,以至收緊條例嚇唬?善團體禁足政治活動,都是近月來特區政府踐踏民權的一連串部署。


尤有甚者,由政府在幕後放風,建制派政黨聯手在幕前炮製的「外傭居港權」煙幕,真正目的只有一個:利用市民不明就裏的疑慮,再次製造「釋法有著數」的輿論,使市民習慣對北京人大馬首是瞻、對剝奪他人權利習以為常。一旦人大釋法成為常態,「司法獨立」這塊諸多不便的絆腳石便可以輕易踢開,中央和特區政府的意旨便得以通行無阻。


為限制「外傭居港權」而釋法,只是觸動《基本法》第二十四條,表面上只會剝奪少數外人的權利,不少市民在建制派散播的「多幾十萬人爭福利」的謊言恫嚇下,以為自己有實利得益,殊不知好戲還在後頭。


正如港大法律學院院長陳文敏所言,今次警方處理副總理李克強訪港的手法,有可能已經觸犯《基本法》第二十七條,示威者有理據向警方索償。假設遭禁錮在後樓梯的港大同學,或因在樓下散步而遭身份不明的黑衣人抬走的麗港城居民,甚或有眾多會員受辱的香港記者協會向警務處長提出訴訟,任何一宗案件都會觸動《基本法》第二十七條對示威、遊行和新聞自由的解釋。


若然警務處長敗訴,曾偉雄下台便勢不可免,將來警方的行動更會有諸多掣肘。面對這項政治風險,特區政府會如何取捨——任由法庭獨立判決,眼看管治班子遭受重創而袖手旁觀?還是啟動釋法程序,保存中央和特區政府的面子?


這個問題的答案早已寫在牆上。從唐英年到梁振英到范徐麗泰,紛紛高調表態支持警方,警務處長的尊嚴已經成為他們政治前途的注碼。屆時,無論誰當特首,只要開動宣傳機器,再由建制派政黨當馬前卒,說明「任何自由皆非不受限制」,當有國家安全需要,例如領導人到訪或行政機關確認有保安風險的時候,所有第二十七條所保障的「言論、新聞、出版,結社、集會、遊行、示威的自由」,皆得接受行政機關決定的「合理規限」,終審法院便只得乖乖就範。


全港大學將變北大


如果香港人甘願為了剝奪外傭在港居留的申請權,而樂見人大解釋《基本法》第二十四條;特區政府為了國家安全,而提請人大解釋《基本法》第二十七條,豈非天經地義?如此這般,下任特首不費一兵一卒,便可以用移形換影大法,完成訂立《基本法》第二十三條的歷史任務。當這些公民權利收歸國有、至可收可放的時候,全港的公共空間便會與趙連海出入的北京大興區同樣「安全」,香港九所大學的校園氣氛便可以與北大和清華同樣「和諧」。


梁愛詩說得好,釋法不是「洪水猛獸」,只恨她沒有明言,釋法其實是「史前怪獸」。猛獸兇狠,大家可以奮起頑抗,但怪獸出沒無常,無人能夠預知防備。


政府要決定是否運用釋法以維護警方侵權,並非天方夜譚。按照今天警察執法的方式,警務處長給市民告上法庭,早晚或會發生。也許領導人深謀遠慮,遠比被譏諷為口噴「完全垃圾」的香港人心思縝密。


公民黨副主席


黎廣德


[刊於 《信報》, 24.8.2011]


2004年6月18日 星期五

A Job for all Hongkongers

(An edited version of this article was published in the South China Morning Post on 18 June 2004)


Ever since the Declaration on Hong Kong ’s Core Values was published on June 7, the enthusiastic public discussions have surprised even the signatories. Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa should also be commended for an unusually swift response by arranging a meeting with some of the campaign’s initiators in less than a week.


While it is encouraging that Mr Tung and senior officials repeatedly reaffirm the government’s commitment to upholding Hong Kong ’s core values, two questions remain: are we talking about the same set of values? And, what next?


The fear in most people’s minds is that the core values treasured by the government are a set of pro-business values, which may leave out a lot of other values deemed essential by the community. While the importance of overseas investors looms large in the government’s media statements, core values such as social justice, fair play, equitable due process and democracy are noticeable by their absence.


The danger of pro-business values is not that it encourages unfair privileges to the business sector but that, by its very nature, only a select few businesses would be favoured. Under the guise of boosting the economy, a chosen few who could exert more influence on the administration would, in the absence of due process, benefit at the expense of all others.


Sadly, there were too many recent cases to illustrate that a distorted set of pro-business values would breed only money politics and cronyism. Public confidence in the integrity of the system has been undermined. What Hong Kong needs instead is a set of pro-market values which emphasises fair competition, transparent rules and equitable due process that allows all players to participate as equals. While this may sound too ideal to many, the first step is for us to recognise that we are going down the wrong path.


When asked in the recent meeting, Mr Tung specifically endorsed all the core values listed in the declaration, although he said he would like to add more, such as filial piety. This is, we hope, a sign that the administration is beginning to recognise that Hong Kong is more than just an economic city.


Many people queried why no solution was offered in the declaration.  Although many of the 294 co-signatories hold various positions in their respective sectors, we do not purport to represent the community at large. Indeed, it would be wrong to suggest that we have more credible solutions than many others who are equally concerned about the state of affairs in Hong Kong .


We explained to Mr Tung that what is needed most is not goodwill gestures to reconcile with a minority of elites, but a broad-based, open and transparent public participatory process through which members of the community can voice their concerns and propose the way forward.


For Hong Kong to get going again we need not only to recommit to a common set of core values, but also to embark on a partnership between the government and civil society. As Mr Tung rightly pointed out: “ Hong Kong ’s core values can be maintained and realised only through the joint efforts of the government and the community at large.” It is essential that Mr Tung’s newly found confidence in the community be translated into an empowerment of the people. This entails a switch of the government’s role from an aloof controller to a facilitator of core values in all policymaking.


To paraphrase the words of America ’s third president, Thomas Jefferson: “The price of upholding our core values is eternal vigilance.” And civil society must be the source of that vigilance.


 


Albert Lai Kwong-Tak is one of the convenors of the Hong Kong Core Values Declaration


 


 


2004年6月1日 星期二

Standing Firm on Hong Kong's Core Values

Worsening governance and rising frustrations: We are deeply concerned


It has been almost seven years since Hong Kong was returned to China . During the July 1st march last year, Hong Kong people witnessed a strong sense of being a community, sharing the same destiny and collectively expressed great concern about the city's future. However, one year on, our worry about Hong Kong 's future has only increased. We are greatly disturbed by the increasing erosion of Hong Kong 's core values. The goals pursued by our community are becoming more distant. The community is filled with a strong sense of helplessness and rising frustration. Our core values are being shaken. The city's governance and business environment has deteriorated and our society's institutional rationality and social cohesion has been weakened. We have come to a critical moment. The alarm is now ringing for us to defend Hong Kong 's core values.


Our core values: Hong Kong 's advantages; Building blocks for modernity


Hong Kong had accumulated a long history of fighting for a better system. The incessant efforts made by the Hong Kong people have produced a unique local culture that is underpinned by some core values most treasured by them and in line with the global modern civilization. These core values include: liberty, democracy, human rights, rule of law, fairness, social justice, peace and compassion, integrity and transparency, plurality, respect for individuals, and upholding professionalism. More and more Hong Kong people are convinced that in their pursuit of a higher quality of life, we must also adhere to the core values essential to sustainable development: broad-based community participation in public affairs, inter-generational equity, economic development with a human focus, environmental protection and reconciliation with nature.


Losing our core values is losing “ Hong Kong ”


We believe that Hong Kong is more than an economic city. It is where over six million people search for a greater meaning in life and build a better home to live in. By losing its core values, Hong Kong will become a city without soul and her people will then lose ' Hong Kong '. We, therefore, cannot afford to keep silent. Defending these core values is not just for the sake of preserving Hong Kong 's way of life, it serves to continue the cultural mission of modernizing the Chinese nation as a whole.


We are deeply distressed, but not in despair. We sign this Declaration in order to give support to each other and convey a key message to everyone and various organizations in Hong Kong : Let us stand firm on our core values. Let us work together, across different sectors and parties, to build our future together. Let us live out Hong Kong 's core values in the social, political, cultural and other aspects of our daily life. Let us act now so that tomorrow our children can take pride in what we are defending today!


維護香港核心價值,我們不能沉默!

眼看管治每況愈下,市民挫折感日增,我們憂心忡忡


香港回歸中國七年了。去年 「七一」大遊行,港人表達了強烈的命運共同體意識,表達了對香港未來的無限關切 。可是,近月來,我們對香港未來的擔憂卻有增無減。眼看著香港社會的核心價值備受衝擊,港人所追求的目標似乎離我們愈來愈遠,市民的無力感與挫折感日趨沉重,我們憂心忡忡。 核心價值的動搖,正在削弱香港的管治質素與營商環境 並破壞社會的制度理性與凝聚力 。我們認為,關鍵時刻已經到來,捍衛香港核心價值的警鐘已經響起。


 香港優勢 與現代化文明接軌 有賴核心價值


香港在過去發展過程中積累了一些成功的經驗,港人不懈的追求造就了有香港特色的地方文化,而支撐這些經驗和文化的,是港人引 以自豪、也與全球現代化文明接軌的一些體現香港優勢的核心價值, 它們 包括: 自由民主、人權法治、 公平公義 、和平仁愛、誠信透明、多元包容、尊重個人、恪守專業 愈來愈多港人亦已認同, 在追求生活質素提升的同時 也應本著可持續發展的目標價值 強調公民參與 致力跨代社會公義 尋求人本的經濟發展 並重視環境保護及人與自然的和諧。


失去核心價值,也就失去了「香港」


我們認為,香港不只是一個經濟城市, 也是六百多萬港人安身立命、追尋生活意義、為下一代建設美好家園的地方。失去了香港的核心價值,這座城市便變成失去靈魂的軀殼,港人也就失去了「香港」, 我們因此不能沉默。維護香港核心價值,也體現港人在中國現代化進程中的文化使命。


我們憂慮,但我們並不悲觀。我們以此宣言,互勉互勵,並向香港市民及各團體作出呼籲: 讓我們不分階層界別、不分黨派,皆能在社會、政治、文化及個人生活上的每一個層面,以言論及行動去 維護香港的核心價值 ,並為我們的子孫後代負起薪火相傳的責任!


Erosion of Hong Kong's values

(Originally published in South China Morning Post, 2004-6-1 )


Every community defines itself by the intrinsic core values it believes in. Hong Kong is no exception. It prides itself on being a modern, cosmopolitan city which has grown from its Chinese roots. It thus shares, or at least aspires to, many universal values common to modern societies: freedom of expression, the rule of law, democracy, social equity, fair play, tolerance and intellectual honesty.


There are also a host of other, evolving values essential to sustainable development: diversity, reconciliation with nature, equity between generations, and the right for individuals to have access to decision-making in public policies.


In our social, political and daily lives, these core values are not only the yardstick of what is right or wrong, they even shape the relationship between the governing and the governed. Hence, any erosion of these values has the potential to change the nature of Hong Kong as we know it today. A couple of recent cases may help explain the gravity of the matter.


First, there is the controversy over the sale to developers of the seven high-rise residential buildings in the Hunghom Peninsula . They were built under the Home Ownership Scheme, the original intent of which was to use public resources to assist families who could not afford private housing. Under much pressure from developers, the scheme was discontinued to make way for the sale of private properties.


While it is debatable whether this policy may be justified by the spin-off benefits for society at large, it was never intended that the public resources allocated to subsidise low-income families should be diverted in any form to benefit private developers. Yet this was exactly what happened with the sale of the 2,470 brand-new flats to two major companies. Has the core value of social equity been upheld here?


Further, under the guise of a pre-existing public-private partnership arrangement, the flats were transferred to the developers with no open bidding process. Is the core value of fair play a loser in this case?


The developers are now sounding out the possibility of demolishing the buildings to make way for luxury flats, in order to make more money. If this scheme gets the go-ahead, taxpayers may have to foot the bill of more than $25 million for the disposal of building waste. Ultimately, this will mean more landfills and speedier environmental degradation in the New Territories . If paying due respect to nature is a core value, the creation of 200,000 tonnes of construction waste is a most effective way to go against this.


Second, take the ongoing controversy over the government's insistence on lumping cultural, commercial and residential elements of the West Kowloon Cultural District project into a single tender. The issue is not whether one or more of the developers will get a slice of the profits, but whether the core value of fair market competition enjoys any status. More important, given the size of the project, the level of public participation in the decision-making process has been abysmal.


And what about the rationale behind other incidents, such as the Harbour Fest fiasco, inaction over the destruction of many streams in the New Territories, and uncontrolled and illegal dumping in Lam Tsuen? The picture is truly dismal.


Many observers have said that intellectual honesty, equitable due process, the rule of law and freedom of speech are the latest casualties in the central government's newly defined relationship with Hong Kong . These core values are inseparable from those essential to good governance.


With constitutional development suspended, it can only aggravate the tendency of cronyism, which will grow at the expense of the core values we treasure.


Albert Lai Kwong-tak is chairman of the Conservancy Association.


(Originally published in South China Morning Post, 2004-6-1 )